Beijing said it would take “strong countermeasures” against the U.S. if the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, passed by unanimous consent by the Senate on Tuesday, becomes law. The Senate vote came as the U.S. and China are hoping to soon strike a phase-one trade deal. But violence in Hong Kong could complicate those efforts as China has decried the U.S. support for protesters and has promised to retaliate if the president signs a law that would require...